FDL v1.3（GNU FDL许可证1.3）

添码座原创大约 34 分钟

该许可证目的是用于Copyleft的自由文档，其计划是使之可用于所有的文档，它也适合于其他多种文档类别，比如课本和字典，其应用范围不限于文本作品。

英文原文（译文见下方）

原文地址：https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3-standalone.html

GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.3, 3 November 2008

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

0. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of the Document to the public.

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

2. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

3. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

4. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".

6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

8. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

9. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights to use it.

10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.

11. RELICENSING

"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.

"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization.

"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document.

An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.

The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:

Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with … Texts." line with this:

with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.

参考译文

这仅是该许可协议的参考翻译，并非由自由软件基金会所发表，不适用于使用GNU通用公共许可协议发布的软件的法律声明——只有GNU通用公共许可协议的英文原版才具备相应法律效力。

本参考译文的目的是希望能够帮助更多读者更好地理解GNU通用公共许可协议的内容，理解开源精神。

GNU 自由文档许可证

第 1.3 版，2008 年 11 月 3 日

任何人皆可复制和发布本协议的完整副本，但不得修改。

0. 引言

本许可证的目的在于将“自由”赋予至一份手册、教科书或其他具有功能性和实用性的文档之中：确保每个人都有有效的自由来对其进行复制和再分发，无论修改与否，也无论商业使用与否。其次，本许可证为作者和发布者留出途径，使之可以享有其作品带来的名誉，同时避免为他方所作修改承担责任。

本许可证是一种 “Copyleft” 许可证，换言之，本文档的衍生作品必须保持同等自由。本许可证补足了GNU通用公共许可证，后者是一份为自由软件设计的Copyleft许可证。

我们设计了本许可证，是为了将其用于自由软件的手册之上，因为自由软件需要自由文档：一个自由的程序附带的手册应该与该软件提供同样的自由。但是，本许可证不仅限于用在软件手册之上；它还可用于任何文字作品，无论其主题为何，也无论其是否出版为印刷书籍。我们建议将本许可证主要用于提供使用说明或提供参考信息的作品之中。

1. 适用范围与定义

本许可证适用于任何媒介中的任何手册或其他作品，只要上述作品的版权持有人在其作品中包含了一份声明，说明该作品可在本许可证的条款下分发。该声明授予全球范围内的、免版税的，且无期限的许可，允许在此处所述条件下使用该作品。下文中，“本文档”指任何满足上述要求的手册或作品。公众之中的任何一员都是受许可人，且称作“你”。如果你对本作品进行复制、修改或分发，且你的此类行为依据版权法需要得到授权，那么你即接受了本许可证。

本文档的“修改版”指任何包含或节选自本文档的作品，无论该作品是逐字复制，还是经过了修改且/或翻译成了另一门语言。

“次要章节”是一个具有名称的附录或一个正文之前的部分，专门用于处理本文档的发布者或作者同本文档的整体主题（或相关内容）的关系，且不包含任何直接切入整体主题的内容。（因此，如果本文档含有数学教材，则次要章节不得解释任何数学。）上述关系可以是与整体主题或相关内容的历史联系，或是与此有关的法律、商业、哲学、伦理或政治立场。

“恒定章节”指，在说明了本文档以本许可证发布的声明中，通过指定其标题来划分为恒定章节的，特定的次要章节。如果一个章节不符合上述次要章节的定义，则该章节不得指定为恒定章节。本文档可以不包含恒定章节。如果本文档未指明任何恒定章节，则恒定章节不存在。

“封面文字”指，在说明了本文档以本许可证发布的声明中，列为前封面文字或后封面文字的，特定的小段文字。前封面文字最多为5个词，后封面文字最多为25个词。

本文档的“透明”副本指一份机器可读的副本，其呈现形式为一个规格已公开的格式，该格式适合使用通用文本编辑器或（对由像素点组成的图片而言）通用绘图程序或（对绘画而言）可广泛取得的绘画编辑器来轻松对该文档进行更改，且该格式适合输入至文字排版工具或适合自动转化为各种适合输入至文字文字排版工具的格式。对一份由透明文件格式产生的其他副本而言，如果该副本由于标记问题或缺乏标记，导致读者无法或难以进行后续更改，则该副本并非透明。如果使用图片格式来容纳任何大量文本，则该图片格式不透明。不透明的副本称为“混淆”副本。

适合用作透明副本的格式，其例子包括不带标记的纯ASCII、Texinfo输入格式、LaTeX输入格式、使用了公开DTD的HTML或XML，以及适合人为修改的合乎标准的简单HTML、PostScript和PDF。透明图像格式的例子包括PNG、XCF和JPG。混淆格式包括只能使用专有文字处理工具来读取和编辑的专有格式、没有公开其DTD和/或处理工具的SGML或XML，以及由一些文字处理工具机器生成的仅用于输出目的的HTML、PostScript或PDF。

印刷书籍的“标题页”，指该书的标题页本身，加上需要将本许可证所要求出现在标题页的材料清晰纳入其中的此后数页。如果某种格式的作品不包含任何此类标题页，则“标题页”指该作品标题的最显著出现位置附近的文本，该文本延伸至文本正文开始之前。

“发布者”指将本文档分发至公众的任何个人或实体。

“标题为某某”的章节，指本文档的一个具有名称的子单元，其标题既可以是恰好为某某，也可以是将某某包在括号中并紧接在翻译成了另一门语言的某某之后。（此处的某某，代表下文提到的特定章节名称，例如“鸣谢”、“致献”、“背书”或“历史”。）在修改本文档时，对此类章节进行“保留标题”，指该章节仍符合此处规定的“标题为某某”的章节的定义。

本文档可以包含免责声明，将其置于说明了本许可证适用于本文档的声明之后。此类免责声明视为以引用的形式纳入本许可证中，且仅用于免除担保责任：该免责声明可能附带的其他任何意图都是无效的，且对本许可证的含义没有影响。

2. 逐字复制

你可以在上述相同条件下借出副本，你也可以公开展示副本。

3. 大量复制

如果你出版本文档的印刷副本（或通常具有印刷封面的媒介中的副本），数量多于100份，且本文档的许可证声明要求存在封面文字，则你必须为副本附上封面，封面清晰直观地包含以下封面文字：前封面包含前封面文字，后封面包含后封面文字。前后封面必须同时清晰直观地将你标识为这些副本的发布者。前封面必须呈现完整的标题，标题中的每一个字都同等明显可见。你可以为封面附加其他材料。若在复制时仅对封面进行了修改，则只要本文档的标题得到保留，且这些条件已经满足，则此类复制可视为其他类型的逐字复制。

如果前封面或后封面所需的文字过长而无法被清晰容纳，则你需要在实际封面中包含列在最前的文字（容纳能合理容纳的量），并在相邻的页中补充剩余部分。

如果你发布或分发本文档的混淆副本，数量多于100份，则你必须随每份混淆副本包含一份机器可读的透明副本，或者在每份混淆副本中或随每份混副本指明一个计算机网络位置，令联网的公众能够使用公开标准的网络协议来下载本文档的一份完整的透明副本，并不带有附加材料。若你选择后者，则当你开始大量分发混淆副本时，你必须谨慎采取合理措施，确保本透明副本能一直以此方式在该指定位置获得，直至你最后一次向公众分发该版的混淆副本至少一年以后（直接分发或通过代理商或零售商分发）。

此项并非要求，但建议你在分发任何的大量副本之前，合理联系本文档的作者，令其有机会为你提供一份本文档的更新版本。

4. 修改

你可以在上述第2节和第3节的条件下复制和分发本文档的修改版，前提是你确切在本许可证下发布该修改版，并将该修改版取代本文档，以此方式将该修改版的分发权和修改权授予至每一位副本拥有者。此外，你必须在修改版中做到以下事项：

A. 在标题页中（以及封面中，如果存在封面）使用与本文档或其先前版本不同的标题（如果存在先前版本，则应当会在本文档的历史章节中列出）。如果你得到先前的版本的原发布者的许可，则你可以使用与该先前版本相同的标题。
B. 在标题页中将负责著作该修改版的修改内容的一个或多个个人或实体列为作者，同时将本文档至少五位主要作者（如果少于五位，则为全部作者）列为作者，除非他们免除你遵守这项要求。
C. 在标题页中将该修改版的发布者名称标为发布者。
D. 保留本文档的所有版权声明。
E. 在其他版权声明附近，为你所作的修改增加适当的版权声明。
F. 紧接着版权声明，包含一份许可证声明，授权公众在本许可证的条款下使用该修改版，格式见下文附录。
G. 在前述的许可证声明中，完整保留本文档的许可证声明中列出的恒定章节和所需封面文字。
H. 包含一份本许可证的未修改过的副本。
I. 保留标题为“历史”的章节，对该章节进行保留标题，并为其增加一个项目，至少标明标题页提供的标题、年份、新作者以及发布者。如果本文档中没有标题为“历史”的章节，则创建该章节，标明本文档标题页提供的本文档的标题、年份、作者以及发布者，并为该章节增加一个项目，以前句所述的方式提供该修改版的描述。
J. 保留本文档中存在的任何供公众获取本文档透明副本的网络位置，以及本文档中给出的类似的用于获取本文档所基于的先前版本的网络位置。这些网络位置可以置于“历史”章节。你可以删除一份作品的网络位置，前提是该作品距离本文档发布已有至少四年，或该网络位置指向的版本的原发布者授予此权限。
K. 对于任何标题为“鸣谢”或“致献”的章节，对其进行保留标题，并保留该章节中给出的每一条贡献者鸣谢信息和/或致献信息的要点和基调。
L. 保留本文档的所有恒定章节，保持其文本和标题不变。章节序号或其等价元素不视为章节标题的一部分。
M. 删除任何标题为“背书”的章节，此类章节不得包含于修改版之中。
N. 不得对任何现有章节的标题重命名，使其标题为“背书”或与任何恒定章节的标题冲突。
O. 保留任何免责声明。

如果该修改版包含新的正文之前章节或者附录，并且，该章节或附录符合次要章节的定义且不包含复制自本文档的材料，则你可以将这些章节中的部分或全部指定为恒定章节。欲做到此点，须将其标题增加至该修改版的本许可证声明中的恒定章节列表之中。这些标题必须异于其他任何章节的标题。

你可以增加一个标题为“背书”的章节，前提是其只包含各方对你的修改版的背书——例如，同行评议陈述或说明了本文经某组织认证为某一标准的权威定义的陈述。

你可以在该修改版的封面文字列表末尾，增加最多 5 个词的文段作为前封面文字，并增加最多 25 个词的文段作为后封面文字。任何一个实体只能增加（或约定他方增加）一段前封面文字以及一段后封面文字。如果本文档的同一封面已经包含一段封面文字，且该封面文字之前为你或你经约定而代表的同一实体所加，则你不得另加封面文字；但你若从增加了某段旧封面文字的先前发布者处得到了明确授权，则可以替换该旧封面文字。

本文档的作者与发布者并未通过本许可证授权使用其名称来对任何修改版进行宣传或者为任何修改版主张或暗示背书。

5. 组合文档

你可以在上文第4节为修改版定义的条款下，将本文档与其他在本许可证下发布的文档相组合，前提是你在该组合作品中包含原文档中所有未经修改的恒定章节，在你的组合文档的许可证声明中将这些章节全部列为该组合作品的恒定章节，并保留其所有免责声明。

组合作品仅需包含一份本许可证的副本，且多个完全相同的恒定章节可替换为单份副本。若存在多个恒定章节名称相同，但内容不同，则在上述每个章节的标题之后，用括号包括该章节已知的原作者或发布者的名称，如果名称未知则使用一个独特的编号，从而区分每个章节的标题。同时对该组合作品的许可证声明中恒定章节列表中的章节标题，做出相同调整。

你必须将各原文档中任何标题为“历史”的章节并入该组合作品中，形成一个标题为“历史”的章节；并以类似方式将任何标题为“鸣谢”的章节以及标题为“致献”的章节并入其中。你必须删除所有标题为“背书”的章节。

6. 文档的集合

你可以制作一份由本文档和其他以本许可证发布的文档组成的文集，并将各文档中本许可证的独立副本替换为单份副本置于该文集中，前提是你遵守本许可证中关于在其他所有情况下对每一份文档进行逐字复制的规则。

你可以从该文集中提取出单份文档，并在本许可证下单独分发，前提是你为所提供的文档插入一份本许可证的副本，并在其他所有涉及逐字复制该文档的情况下遵守本许可证。

7. 独立作品的聚合

一份位于存储媒介或分发媒介之中或之上的，由本文档或其衍生作品与其他分离或独立的文档或作品组成的混合作品，若其本身产生的版权不会用于限制该混合作品的用户被单独作品授予的法律权利，则称为“聚合作品”。当本文档包含于一份聚合作品之中时，本许可证不适用于该聚合作品中本身并非本文档之延伸作品的其他作品。

若第3节对封面文字的要求适用于本文档的这些副本，那么如果本文档少于整个聚合作品的一半，则本文档的封面文字可置于聚合作品中囊括本文档的封面之中，或对本文档电子版而言的等价于封面的电子材料之中。否则封面文字必须出现在囊括整个聚合作品的印刷封面之中。

8. 翻译

翻译视为一种修改，因此你可以在第4节的条款下发布本文档的翻译。使用译文替换恒定章节须经过其版权持有人的特别授权，但是你可以为这些恒定章节的部分或全部原始版本附加其翻译。你可以包含本许可证的、本文档所有许可证声明的，以及所有免责声明的翻译，前提是你同时包含本许可证的英文版以及这些许可证声明和免责声明的原始版本。当本许可证或某一许可证声明或免责声明的原始版本与翻译产生冲突时，以原始版本为准。

如果本文档中有标题为“鸣谢”、“致献”或“历史”的章节，则对其进行“保留标题”（见第1节）的需求（见第4节）通常需要更改实际标题。

9. 终止许可

除非本许可证明确授权，你不得复制、修改、分许可或分发本文档。其他任何复制、修改、分许可或分发本文档的企图都是无效的，并将自动终止你通过本许可证获得的权利。

然而，当你不再违反本许可证时，你的许可将从特定版权持有人处以如下方式恢复：（1）暂时恢复，直到版权持有人明确终止你的许可；及（2）永久恢复，如果版权持有人未能在许可终止后60天内以合理的方式通知你的违反行为。

再者，如果某一版权持有人以合理方式向你通知了你的违反行为，这是你第一次从该版权持有人接到有关（任意作品）违反了本许可证的通知，且你在接到该通知之后30天内改正了该违反行为，那么你在该版权持有人处的许可将永久恢复。

当你享有的权利在本节下被终止时，他方已经从你那通过本许可证获得的副本或权利的许可不会因此终止。如果你的权利已被终止且未被永久恢复，你无法通过接收同一材料之部分或全部的副本来获得其使用权。

10. 本许可证的后续修订版

自由软件基金会可能会不定时发布GNU自由文档许可证的新的修订版。新版将秉承当前版本的精神，但在细节上会有差异，以应对新的问题或事项。见https://www.gnu.org/licenses。

每一版都有不同的版本号。如果本文档指定其使用本许可证的特定版本“或任何后续版本”，你可以选择遵守该指定版本或者自由软件基金会发布的（并非草稿的）任何后续版本的条款与条件。如果本文档没有指定期本许可证的版本，你可以选用自由软件基金会发布的任意（并非草稿的）版本。如果本文档指定一位代理人来决定使用何版本的本许可证，则该代理人通过公开声明所采用的版本，永久许可你为本文档使用该版本。

11. 再许可

“大型多作者协作网站”（或 “MMC 网站”）指任何发布有版权作品并同时为任何人提供显著设施来编辑这些作品的万维网服务器。任何人皆可编辑的公共维基，是这种服务器的一个例子。该网站中包含的一份“大型多作者协作内容”（或 “MMC”）是以此方式在该MMC网站上发布的任何有版权作品的集合。

“CC-BY-SA”指，由知识共享组织，一家在加利福尼亚州圣弗兰西斯科有主要营业场所的非营利性组织，所发布的知识共享署名—相同方式共享3.0许可证，以及同一组织发布的该许可证的后续Copyleft版本。

“并入”指发布或重新发布一份文档的整体或部分，使其成为另一份文档的一部分。

某 MMC “符合再许可的要求”是指，该MMC以本许可证发布，并且，所有首先以本许可证发布于除该MMC之外的别处而后来才整体或部分并入该MMC的作品满足以下要求：（1）这些作品没有封面文字或恒定章节，且（2）这些作品的上述并入行为发生在2008年11月1日之前。

在2009年8月1日之前的任何时间，MMC网站的管理员可以将该网站包含的MMC重新以CC-BY-SA发布在同一网站中，前提是该MMC符合再许可的要求。

附录：如何将本许可证用于你的文档

欲将本许可证用于你所写的文档，请在该文档中包含一份本许可证的副本，并在标题页后放置以下的版权及许可证声明。

版权所有 (C) 年份 你的名称
你有权对本文档进行复制、分发和/或修改，
前提是遵守GNU自由文档许可证第1.3版
或自由软件基金会发布的任何后续版本的条款；
本文档无恒定章节，无前封面文字，无后封面文字。
本许可证的一份副本包含于标题为 “GNU
Free Documentation License” 的章节之中。

如果你有恒定章节、前封面文字及后封面文字，则将 “本文档……文字” 一行替换为以下内容：

本文档的恒定章节为[在此列出其标题]，
前封面文字为[在此列出]，后封面文字为[在此列出]。

如果你有恒定章节但没有封面文字，或三者以其他方式组合，则视情况综合这两者。

如果你的文档包含重要的程序代码示例，我们建议你同时选用自由软件许可证发布这些示例，例如GNU通用公共许可证，从而允许将其用作自由软件。

感谢支持

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